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Dorival Caymmi
Dorival Caymmi (April 30, 1914 – August 16, 2008) was a Brazilian singer, songwriter, actor, and painter active for more than 70 years beginning in 1933. He contributed to the birth of Brazil's bossa nova movement, and several of his samba pieces, such as "''Samba da Minha Terra''", "''Doralice''" and "''Saudade da Bahia''", have become staples of ''Música popular brasileira.''〔 Equally notable are his ballads celebrating the fishermen and women of Bahia, including "''Promessa de Pescador''", "''O Que É Que a Baiana Tem?''", and "''Milagre''". Caymmi composed about 100 songs in his lifetime, and many of his works are now considered to be Brazilian classics. Both Brazilian and non-Brazilian musicians have covered his songs.
Ben Ratliff of ''The New York Times'' wrote that Caymmi was "perhaps second only to Antônio Carlos Jobim in 'establishing a songbook of (20th ) century’s Brazilian identity.'"〔Martin, Douglas (August 19, 2008). ("Dorival Caymmi, singer of Brazil, is dead at 94" ). ''The New York Times'' (Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.). . Retrieved August 16, 2011.〕 Throughout his career, his music about the people and culture of Bahia influenced Brazil's image in the eyes of both Brazilians and foreigners.〔 Caymmi was married to Brazilian singer Stella Maris for 68 years, and the couple's children, Dori Caymmi, Danilo Caymmi, and Nana Caymmi, are also prominent musicians. Each debuted professionally by accompanying their father onstage and in recordings.〔
==Early life==
Caymmi was born in Salvador, Bahia, to Durval Henrique Caymmi, the great-grandson of an Italian immigrant, and Aurelina Soares Caymmi, a native Bahian. He had two younger sisters, Dinahir and Dinah, and a younger brother, Deraldo.〔Caymmi, Stella (2001) (in Portuguese). ''Dorival Caymmi: O Mar e o Tempo (Caymmi: The Sea and the Weather )''. São Paulo: Editora 34 Ltda. p. 47. ISBN 85-7326-224-9.〕 His father, a civil servant, often played the piano, guitar, and mandolin at home, and his mother, a housewife, sang regularly. He participated in his church's choir for much of his childhood.〔("Biografia: Dorival Caymmi, o mais 'baiano' dos grandes nomes da Música Popular Brasileira [Biography: Dorival Caymmi, the most 'Bahian' of the great names of MPB )"] (in Portuguese). ''Época'' (Editora Globo). . Retrieved August 17, 2011.〕 At age 13, he left school to work as a journalist at Bahian newspaper ''O Imparcial''.〔〔〔 When ''O Imparcial'' went out of business two years later, he took up work as a street vendor.〔
Although he never formally studied music, Caymmi taught himself to play guitar in the late 1920s and began to compose, sing, and play his own songs on Bahian radio programs around 1930.〔 He first achieved widespread recognition in 1933, when at age 16, he composed the song "''O Que É Que A Baiana Tem?''" ("What Is It About Bahian Women?") for singer Carmen Miranda.〔〔 In 1936, at age 22, he won a songwriting contest at Salvador's annual Carnaval celebration. His prize was a pink satin lampshade.〔 Despite his early musical success, he moved to Rio de Janeiro in 1938 with intentions to pursue a law degree and to return to working as a journalist.〔〔("Dorival Caymmi" ). AllBrazilianMusic. CliqueMusic Editora Ltda. Retrieved August 17, 2011.〕 While employed there by the newspaper ''Diários Associados'', he spent his spare time composing and singing songs on the radio show ''Dragão da Rua Larga''. His popularity began to grow with the show's audience.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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